One of the fields of activity of Ista Banai Rasakh Engineering Company is consulting and implementation of concrete and special concrete structures . A concrete structure is a skeleton with a concrete frame. In this article, we will examine the implementation steps of these types of structures and their costs. So stay with us. So stay with us.

Table of Contents:

• What is a concrete structure? Introduction of the structure and components of the structure
• Concrete structure implementation steps
  • Activities before the implementation of the concrete structure
  • Post-contract activities
• Concrete structure construction management
  • Cost of concrete structure contract management
  • The duration of the contract
  • Our duties and obligations towards concrete structure contract management

What is a concrete structure? Introduction of the structure and components of the structure

Concrete structures are perhaps the most common type of modern structures around the world. The stages of construction and implementation of concrete structures is a specialized process that our company has a lot of experience in this field. As the name suggests, these types of structures have a concrete frame or skeleton. The beams are placed in the width and the columns are placed in the length of the frame.

Flat slabs of concrete or slabs are what we walk on.

among these cases, the column is the most important, because it is one of the primary components that supports the weight of the building. If the beam or slab of the building is damaged, only one of the floors is affected; But if the column is damaged, the whole building may collapse.

concrete used in this structure

When we talk about concrete in construction, we actually mean reinforced concrete. Its full name is reinforced cement concrete or RCC. RRC is concrete and has a series of steel bars called reinforcement or rebar. This combination works great because concrete has a very high density, is cheap, and very easy to make anywhere. Also, the expansion power of steel is very high.

How to make reinforced concrete

To make reinforced concrete, we must first have a mold to accommodate the concrete paste. Then, according to the engineer’s construction plans, one person connects the steel rebars with wires. These rebars are connected in the form of a cage, and that’s why they are called armature cages.

After the rebars are assembled, one person can start preparing the concrete . For this, he should mix cement, sand and gravel of different sizes and then add some water to this cement mixture. Then we fill the mold with concrete paste until it reaches the required level.

This concrete hardens in a few hours, but it takes a month to fully solidify. That’s why we lean it on the corner of the wall for a month. During this period, the surface of the concrete should be kept wet with water so that the chemical reactions necessary for the concrete to work are carried out.

Following the instructions carefully and paying attention to the necessary amount of each of the contents is considered a kind of art and skill, which is called concrete mixing plan . A good mix designer applies the right amount of ingredients, then considers all the factors involved and develops a detailed mix plan.

The construction manager usually uses different types of concrete mix for different purposes . For example, if he wants to put a thin concrete wall for a place that is not very accessible, he says that the concrete mix should have a low concentration. In this way, the concrete paste is easily spread over the entire surface of the mold due to gravity. But for most construction applications, the concentration of concrete paste should be standard.

M20, M30 and M40 concretes are the most common type of standard concrete mix . These numbers show the strength of concrete with a scale of newtons per square millimeter or n/mm2. Thus, the compressive strength of M30 concrete is equal to 30 n/mm2. Also, in the standard mixture, the maximum amount of aggregate is also determined.

Aggregate refers to the crushed stones used in concrete. . If an engineer wants a 20/M30 concrete, he means M30 concrete with a maximum aggregate amount of 20mm. Some people in the world mistakenly think that M30/20 means concrete that has a strength between 20-30 n/mm2.

So, in general, in this structure, a series of components are firmly connected to each other. These engineering connections are known as anchor connections. Other connections are hinged connections that are used in the skeleton of metal structures , but in 9.99% of cases, anchor connections are used for concrete structures . With these connections, the form becomes very strong and can withstand various loads on the building.

types of loads on concrete structures

dead load

The downward force that enters the building originates from the weight of the structural components, the walls and the facade of the building itself.

live bar

The downward force that originates from the possible weight of the building’s occupants and their belongings, including furniture, books, etc. Usually, these loads are mentioned in the construction regulations, and structural engineers must design the building so that it can carry these loads and even more loads.

The amount of load varies according to whether the desired building is residential, office or industrial. Usually, residential buildings carry a maximum of 200 kg/m2, office buildings 250 kg/m2 and industrial buildings 1000 kg/m2 or 1T/m2 live load. Sometimes these loads are known as incoming loads.

Dynamic load

These loads are usually generated in bridges and similar substructures by braking or moving vehicles.

wind load

This type of design is very necessary especially for tall buildings or buildings that have a large area. Buildings are not designed to withstand daily weather conditions, but a major storm may occur every 100 years or so.

These are called wind speed plans, which are mentioned in the building construction regulations. Buildings are usually built in such a way that they can withstand a wind force of 150 kg/m2. The larger the area of the building, the greater the applied force.

earthquake load

When an earthquake occurs, the ground shakes buildings both horizontally and vertically; Just like a rogue horse that shakes its rider in equestrian competitions. These strong tremors can destroy the building. The heavier the building, the more force is applied to it.

You must remember that wind and earthquakes apply horizontal force to the building; Unlike the earth’s gravity, which enters vertically and resists horizontal forces.

Concrete structures are built on a foundation that transfers the forces to the building as well as the building itself to the ground.

other important components of concrete structure

Shear walls are one of the important structural components in multi-story buildings. These walls are actually very large columns that are 400mm thick and 3m long. That’s why they look more like walls than columns. Their role in the building is to help carry horizontal forces such as wind and earthquakes.

buildings are naturally subjected to the force of gravity, which is vertical. These shear walls also carry vertical loads. Note that these walls are only used for one-way horizontal loads due to their large size. These walls are not suitable for short buildings.

Elevator shafts are vertical chambers in which the elevator moves up and down. Usually, each elevator has its own concrete housing. Also, these wells show good resistance against horizontal loads and carry vertical loads as well.

concrete building walls

Concrete structures are very strong and economical; Therefore, any type of wall can be used with them. Walls made of bricks, concrete blocks or stone are the heaviest. False walls made of light metal or wooden scaffolding with a layer of boards are the lightest. Heavy walls are used when a covered, safe and soundproof place is needed.

Lightweight walls are quick and easy to build and used for separation. Usually, when bricks or concrete blocks are used to build a wall, the surface of the wall is covered with cement and plaster to make the wall last longer.

Concrete structure cover

Any type of material can be used for the exterior of concrete buildings. Glass, aluminum panels and ceramic facades are among the most common. Since these structures are also used for heavy loads, it is possible to do stonework and brickwork for the exterior.

Concrete structure implementation steps – step-by-step guide

Building a concrete structure varies from one building to another depending on the size, efficiency, complexity and materials used in the building. In addition to these types of soil, environmental conditions, the availability of skilled manpower, equipment and the availability of materials will affect the construction process.

In general, building construction activities are divided into two main groups: Pre-contract activities and post-contract activities. The former relates to activities before a contract for the construction of the work piece is created, while the latter relates to activities after a contract for the construction of the work piece is created. In this article, the general procedure for the implementation of the concrete structure is presented.

Activities before the implementation of the concrete structure

1- Project location

The location of the building needs to be determined correctly to avoid future problems due to soil types or other issues. Sometimes there is not enough space to choose a building location. Therefore, if there are any problems, they should be stopped.

2- Map of the building

The design of the building is adjusted by architectural engineers based on the requirements of the building.

3- Building plan

After the building plan, structural engineers design the framework of the building. Then, the type of foundation is designed and determined based on soil research and structural pressure.

4- Providing estimates and budgets

The building estimator estimates the amount of materials, a number of different items of work and prepares a sheet that includes the costs of implementing the concrete structure.

5- Soil research report

Soil investigation report should be prepared before concrete structure design. A geotechnical engineer or a construction engineer needs to know the characteristics of the soil at the construction site, otherwise the foundation design cannot proceed. The soil research report includes soil characteristics, soil types, soil bearing capacity, etc.

6- Building permit

Official approval from the Urban Development Center is required to start construction activities. Obtaining approval may require certain documents such as soil investigation report, all drawings such as map, elevation, urban section, land survey and construction report.

7- Determining the manufacturer of the concrete structure

The choice of the builder is an important matter because it is necessary for the successful construction of the building within the set time frame. All the details of the project should be mentioned in the contract document and the terms of the contract should be checked thoroughly before signing. As one of the powerful builders in Tehran, Ista Banaye Rasekh Company, with its brilliant track record and high experience, is ready to provide consulting, management and implementation services for concrete structures with respectable employers.

post-contract activities

1- Works related to the place

Site preparation is the first post-contract construction activity. This stage includes cleaning the project site from dirt and sand and tree roots, as well as removing obstacles such as loose soil, old buildings if any, sloping land and determining the location of underground facilities and relocating them if necessary.

2- The initial plan and impression of the place

After cleaning the place of the concrete structure , the basic design of the building is formed with the help of mapping equipment such as index, theodolite and total camera, etc. At this stage, the exact location of the building is determined based on the drawings. After that, the location of access roads to the concrete structure site , storage areas for construction materials, location of drainage system, dormitory for employees and office will be determined. The relationship between different offices and facilities on the construction site should be considered.

3- Excavation

After setting the basic design of the building, the digging process begins with the use of appropriate machinery depending on the type of soil and the size of the excavation work. Excavation work is done with the help of mapping equipment to reach the required depth of the construction plan.

Precautions and safety measures are crucial both during the excavation process and after its completion to prevent unpleasant actions and save the lives of workers and citizens, as well as to avoid delaying the construction process. If the excavation is in an urban area, care should be taken not to damage the underground facilities.

4- Condensing the soil floor

Once the desired depth is reached, the bottom of the excavation pit should be compacted to reduce possible future subsidence. Different machines such as smooth roller, goat foot roller, rubber wheel and crawler and TAMPING PLATE COMPACTOR can be used to achieve the required degree of compaction, 90% of which are based on the international building code.

5- Implementation of the foundation

The foundation is the lowest part of the building, which is responsible for transferring the loads of the building to the soil below it; Therefore, it requires great care and precision during construction. The construction process may include placing a concrete slab alone or in combination with rubble soil on the foundation floor to create a level surface, setting the formwork, placing reinforcements, pouring the concrete, and finally curing the concrete until it reaches the specified strength.

The site engineer must supervise all activities to guarantee that the entire work is carried out according to the project specifications, and the safety of the workers must be considered.

6- Building the pillar of the pillar

Depending on the type of foundation, column footing may be constructed to connect various footings and provide a level surface for building superstructures.

7- Building a column

After building the foundation and the presence of the pillar, the reinforced concrete column will be built. The work includes building the column kicker, placing steel bars, setting the formwork, pouring concrete and taking care of the concrete.

It is necessary to control the verticality of the columns during their construction to prevent them from deviating from their position. Columns are built flush with the concrete slab and their stiffeners must be extended to allow the upper stories to be built.

8- Making concrete beams and slabs

After the construction of the columns on the ground floor is finished, the construction of the beams and the concrete slab will begin. This process includes placing concrete formwork for concrete beams and slabs, installing reinforcements, concrete beams and slabs based on drawings, embedding other external materials, pouring concrete for concrete beams and slabs, and finally taking care of the concrete properly.

The order of making columns, beams and concrete slabs for other upper floors are the same. The site engineer must supervise all the activities and guarantee that all these things are done according to the project specifications.

9- Building a masonry wall

When the construction of the columns and pillars is finished, the construction of the masonry wall begins.

10- Beams above doors and windows

The gap is the opening of the beams above the door and window (door shoe), such as windows and doors, to keep the masonry work on top of them.

11- Roof slab

When all the floors of the building are built, the roof slabs are built based on the specifications and details of the building plan.

12- Mechanical and electrical facilities

These activities may not be related to the work of a civil engineer in general; However, the site engineer must prevent any actions that are harmful to the building units, such as the destruction of beams, which are sometimes done carelessly.

13- Completion operation

Additional operations such as exterior plastering begin after the construction of the building. The internal walls of the building are plastered with thin plaster, and the flooring is done with tiles, and then the walls are either painted or wallpapered.

14- Completing the roof

Sometimes the surface of the roof is waterproofed to prevent leakage.

15- Completion permit

After the completion of the work, the contractor can request the permission to finish the work from the authorized authorities. The legal authorities will check the completion documents with the building specifications to accept it.

Concrete structure construction management

Ista Banaye Rasakh company is ready to enter into a contract for managing the implementation of concrete structures with respectable employers, considering its brilliant track record in this field. Some of our contracts are as follows.

Cost of concrete structure contract management

The manager’s fee is eight percent of the total costs related to the implementation of the building and its facilities and accessories, and is equivalent to at least 9,000,000 Rials (nine hundred thousand Tomans) per square meter, including wages, materials and all costs incurred for the implementation of the project, which after calculation The amount of work during each period is paid by the employer to the manager. These amounts are net and any legal deductions, including taxes, insurance, etc., are the responsibility of the employer.

The duration of the contract

The duration of the contract and the start date of the concrete structure implementation are according to the minutes signed by the parties.

Please note that due to the currency fluctuations in the country and the daily changes in the prices of materials and materials, contact the technical unit of Ista Banaye Rasakh Company to get the latest price of concrete structure construction management .

Our duties and obligations towards concrete structure contract management

• Initial estimation of project implementation costs according to technical and operational plans and specifications
• Observance of the owner’s efficiency in all stages of concrete structure implementation
• Preparing and coordinating the purchase of all materials needed for the project with the identification and cost of the employer and obtaining approval from the employer
• Use of suitable materials according to the technical specifications provided in the map
• Buying or renting the necessary equipment, tools and machinery at the expense of the employer after obtaining permission from the employer
• Providing the schedule and budget based on the overall activities and minor sub-activities of the project in the form of MSP
• Provide monthly reports of project progress and actual project budget
• Submitting the confirmed status of contractors to the employer and confirming the activities performed
• Provision of technical factors needed to implement the subject of the contract
• Necessary follow-up for the supervisor to visit the different stages of the project and get the necessary quality approvals for each stage of the work
• Providing expert and work-related personnel for supervision and workshop meetings on a part-time basis and paying their fees at the manager’s own expense
• Getting inquiries to buy items
• Adhering to the private conditions of the contract and the specifications contained in the building permit and approved plans in the execution of the work

Our company’s services in this field are as follows:

• Consultation, design and implementation of special and exposed concrete structures
• Concrete arched roofs
• Special concrete dome and minarets
• concrete head
• Composite concrete structure
• Mixing plan and construction of ordinary and special concrete types
• Implementation of special concrete, arched, round, broken and consolidated structures and works
• Implementation of additional concrete structure and stair device
• Implementation of the concrete structure of the side buildings
• Carrying out the concrete piping part of industrial and power plant projects
• Doing heavy concrete work

Concrete structure design and modeling clip